Though powered by simple rotary engines, these kinetic models by Netherlands-based sculptor Jennifer Townley are spinning in complexity. Constant patterns turn, mix, and cascade as individually sculpted parts rotate on a single axis, an elaborate fusion of art and mathematics. Townley’s artist statement about his project:

“The sculptures derive from her attraction to science, with an accent on physics, engineering and mathematics. Geometric patterns in Islamic art or mathematical illustrations of Dutch artist M. C. Escher often serve as an inspiration. Images where lines and figures match each other so perfectly they could be repeated indefinitely. This infinity, regularity and obedience is what Townley also finds charming about mechanical machines; they are powerful, strenuous and seemingly immortal. She is captivated by how a machine can transform a simple circular motion (rotary engine) into a very complex nonlinear or chaotic movement pattern.”